Referentielijst

IKNL
IKNL. Cijfers over kanker.

Algra PR (1992)
Algra PR, Heimans JJ, Valk J, et al. Do metastases in vertebrae begin in the body or the pedicles? Imaging study in 45 patients. AJR American journal of roentgenology. 1992;158(6):1275-9.

Algra PR (1991)
Algra PR, Bloem, J.H.: Valk, J. Loss of visibility of the basivertebral vein: a new MR sign of diffuse bone marrow disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1991;157:1129-30

Bach F (1990)
Bach F, Larsen BH, Rohde K, et al. Metastatic spinal cord compression. Occurrence, symptoms, clinical presentations and prognosis in 398 patients with spinal cord compression. Acta neurochirurgica. 1990;107(1-2):37-43.

Batson OV (1940)
Batson OV. The Function of the Vertebral Veins and Their Role in the Spread of Metastases. Annals of surgery. 1940;112(1):138-49.

Bollen L (2014)
Bollen L, van der Linden YM, Pondaag W, et al. Prognostic factors associated with survival in patients with symptomatic spinal bone metastases: a retrospective cohort study of 1,043 patients. Neuro-oncology. 2014;16(7):991-8.

Boogerd W (1993)
Boogerd W, van der Sande JJ. Diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord compression in malignant disease. Cancer treatment reviews. 1993;19(2):129-50.

Byrne TN (1992)
Byrne TN. Spinal cord compression from epidural metastases. The New England journal of medicine. 1992;327(9):614-9.

Hatrick NC (2000)
Hatrick NC, Lucas JD, Timothy AR, et al. The surgical treatment of metastatic disease of the spine. Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. 2000;56(3):335-9.

Helweg-Larsen S (2000)
Helweg-Larsen S, Sorensen PS, Kreiner S. Prognostic factors in metastatic spinal cord compression: a prospective study using multivariate analysis of variables influencing survival and gait function in 153 patients. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2000;46(5):1163-9.

Jemal A (2007)
Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics, 2007. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2007;57(1):43-66.

Kyle RA (2004)
Kyle RA, Therneau TM, Rajkumar SV, et al. Incidence of multiple myeloma in Olmsted County, Minnesota: Trend over 6 decades. Cancer. 2004;101(11):2667-74.

Levack P (2002)
Levack P, Graham J, Collie D, et al. Don't wait for a sensory level--listen to the symptoms: a prospective audit of the delays in diagnosis of malignant cord compression. Clinical oncology. 2002;14(6):472-80.

Patchell RA (2005)
Patchell RA, Tibbs PA, Regine WF, et al. Direct decompressive surgical resection in the treatment of spinal cord compression caused by metastatic cancer: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2005;366(9486):643-8.

Posner JB (1995)
Posner JB. Spinal metastases. Neurologic complications of cancer. Philadelphia: FA Davis Company; 1995. p. 111 -42.

Rades D (2008)
Rades D, Rudat V, Veninga T, et al. A score predicting posttreatment ambulatory status in patients irradiated for metastatic spinal cord compression. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2008;72(3):905-8.

Roodman GD (2004)
Roodman GD. Pathogenesis of myeloma bone disease. Blood cells, molecules & diseases. 2004;32(2):290-2. [link]

Schiff D (1997)
Schiff D, O'Neill BP, Suman VJ. Spinal epidural metastasis as the initial manifestation of malignancy: clinical features and diagnostic approach. Neurology. 1997;49(2):452-6.

Sorensen S (1990)
Sorensen S, Borgesen SE, Rohde K, et al. Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression. Results of treatment and survival. Cancer. 1990;65(7):1502-8.

Sutcliffe P (2013)
Sutcliffe P, Connock M, Shyangdan D, et al. A systematic review of evidence on malignant spinal metastases: natural history and technologies for identifying patients at high risk of vertebral fracture and spinal cord compression. Health technology assessment. 2013;17(42):1-274.

van der Sande JJ (1990)
van der Sande JJ, Kroger R, Boogerd W. Multiple spinal epidural metastases; an unexpectedly frequent finding. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry. 1990;53(11):1001-3.

Bach F (1990)
Bach F, Larsen BH, Rohde K, et al. Metastatic spinal cord compression. Occurrence, symptoms, clinical presentations and prognosis in 398 patients with spinal cord compression. Acta neurochirurgica. 1990;107(1-2):37-43.

Boogerd W (1993)
Boogerd W, van der Sande JJ. Diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord compression in malignant disease. Cancer treatment reviews. 1993;19(2):129-50.

Byrne TN (1992)
Byrne TN. Spinal cord compression from epidural metastases. The New England journal of medicine. 1992;327(9):614-9.

Cook AM (1998)
Cook AM, Lau TN, Tomlinson MJ, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the whole spine in suspected malignant spinal cord compression: impact on management. Clinical oncology. 1998;10(1):39-43.

Gilbert RW (1978)
Gilbert RW, Kim JH, Posner JB. Epidural spinal cord compression from metastatic tumor: diagnosis and treatment. Annals of neurology. 1978;3(1):40-51.

Helweg-Larsen S (2000)
Helweg-Larsen S, Sorensen PS, Kreiner S. Prognostic factors in metastatic spinal cord compression: a prospective study using multivariate analysis of variables influencing survival and gait function in 153 patients. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2000;46(5):1163-9.

Husband DJ (2001)
Husband DJ, Grant KA, Romaniuk CS. MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of suspected malignant spinal cord compression. The British journal of radiology. 2001;74(877):15-23.

Kienstra GE (2000)
Kienstra GE, Terwee CB, Dekker FW, et al. Prediction of spinal epidural metastases. Archives of neurology. 2000;57(5):690-5.

Kienstra GEM (1996)
Kienstra GEM. Back pain in cancer patients. A clinical study with MRI. Amsterdam1996.

Levack P (2002)
Levack P, Graham J, Collie D, et al. Don't wait for a sensory level--listen to the symptoms: a prospective audit of the delays in diagnosis of malignant cord compression. Clinical oncology. 2002;14(6):472-80.

Lewanski CR (2000)
Lewanski CR, Sinclair JA, Stewart JS. Lhermitte's sign following head and neck radiotherapy. Clinical oncology. 2000;12(2):98-103.

Ruff RL (1989)
Ruff RL, Lanska DJ. Epidural metastases in prospectively evaluated veterans with cancer and back pain. Cancer. 1989;63(11):2234-41.

van der Linden YM (2005)
van der Linden YM, Dijkstra SP, Vonk EJ, et al. Prediction of survival in patients with metastases in the spinal column: results based on a randomized trial of radiotherapy. Cancer. 2005;103(2):320-8.

Walther PJ (1987)
Walther PJ, Rossitch E, Jr., Bullard DE. The development of Lhermitte's sign during cisplatin chemotherapy. Possible drug-induced toxicity causing spinal cord demyelination. Cancer. 1987;60(9):2170-2.

Kienstra GE (2000)
Kienstra GE, Terwee CB, Dekker FW, et al. Prediction of spinal epidural metastases. Archives of neurology. 2000;57(5):690-5.

Posner JB (1995)
Posner JB. Spinal metastases. Neurologic complications of cancer. Philadelphia: FA Davis Company; 1995. p. 111 -42.

Algra PR (1991)
Algra PR, Bloem JL, Tissing H, et al. Detection of vertebral metastases: comparison between MR imaging and bone scintigraphy. Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 1991;11(2):219-32.

Algra PR (1998)
Algra PR. Diagnostic Imaging of Vertebral Metastases. In: Springer E, editor. Diagnosis and Therapy of Spinal Tumors Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer; 1998. p. 67-87.

Avrahami E (1989)
Avrahami E, Tadmor R, Dally O, et al. Early MR demonstration of spinal metastases in patients with normal radiographs and CT and radionuclide bone scans. Journal of computer assisted tomography. 1989;13(4):598-602. [link]

Bach F (1990)
Bach F, Larsen BH, Rohde K, et al. Metastatic spinal cord compression. Occurrence, symptoms, clinical presentations and prognosis in 398 patients with spinal cord compression. Acta neurochirurgica. 1990;107(1-2):37-43.

Bilsky MH (2010)
Bilsky MH, Laufer I, Fourney DR, et al. Reliability analysis of the epidural spinal cord compression scale. Journal of neurosurgery Spine. 2010;13(3):324-8. [link]

Boogerd W (1991)
Boogerd W, Kroger R. Intravenous contrast in spinal computed tomography to identify epidural metastases. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery. 1991;93(3):195-9.

Buhmann Kirchhoff S (2009)
Buhmann Kirchhoff S, Becker C, Duerr HR, et al. Detection of osseous metastases of the spine: comparison of high resolution multi-detector-CT with MRI. European journal of radiology. 2009;69(3):567-73.

Byrne TNW (1990)
Byrne TNW, S. G. Neoplastic causes of spinal cord compression: epidural tumors. Spinal Cord Compression. Philadelphia: FA Davis Company; 1990. p. 146-79.

Daffner RH (1986)
Daffner RH, Lupetin AR, Dash N, et al. MRI in the detection of malignant infiltration of bone marrow. AJR American journal of roentgenology. 1986;146(2):353-8.

Helweg-Larsen S (1994)
Helweg-Larsen S, Sorensen PS. Symptoms and signs in metastatic spinal cord compression: a study of progression from first symptom until diagnosis in 153 patients. European journal of cancer. 1994;30A(3):396-8.

Helweg-Larsen S (2000)
Helweg-Larsen S, Sorensen PS, Kreiner S. Prognostic factors in metastatic spinal cord compression: a prospective study using multivariate analysis of variables influencing survival and gait function in 153 patients. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2000;46(5):1163-9.

Kienstra GE (2000)
Kienstra GE, Terwee CB, Dekker FW, et al. Prediction of spinal epidural metastases. Archives of neurology. 2000;57(5):690-5.

Kienstra GEM (1996)
Kienstra GEM. Back pain in cancer patients. A clinical study with MRI. Amsterdam1996.

Kim JK (2000)
Kim JK, Learch TJ, Colletti PM, et al. Diagnosis of vertebral metastasis, epidural metastasis, and malignant spinal cord compression: are T(1)-weighted sagittal images sufficient? Magnetic resonance imaging. 2000;18(7):819-24.

Portenoy RK (1989)
Portenoy RK, Galer BS, Salamon O, et al. Identification of epidural neoplasm. Radiography and bone scintigraphy in the symptomatic and asymptomatic spine. Cancer. 1989;64(11):2207-13.

Posner JB (1995)
Posner JB. Spinal metastases. Neurologic complications of cancer. Philadelphia: FA Davis Company; 1995. p. 111 -42.

Rades D (2008)
Rades D, Rudat V, Veninga T, et al. A score predicting posttreatment ambulatory status in patients irradiated for metastatic spinal cord compression. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2008;72(3):905-8.

Rades D (2011)
Rades D, Douglas S, Huttenlocher S, et al. Validation of a score predicting post-treatment ambulatory status after radiotherapy for metastatic spinal cord compression. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2011;79(5):1503-6.

Rodichok LD (1981)
Rodichok LD, Harper GR, Ruckdeschel JC, et al. Early diagnosis of spinal epidural metastases. The American journal of medicine. 1981;70(6):1181-8.

Stark RJ (1982)
Stark RJ, Henson RA, Evans SJ. Spinal metastases. A retrospective survey from a general hospital. Brain : a journal of neurology. 1982;105(Pt 1):189-213.

Steinborn MM (1999)
Steinborn MM, Heuck AF, Tiling R, et al. Whole-body bone marrow MRI in patients with metastatic disease to the skeletal system. Journal of computer assisted tomography. 1999;23(1):123-9.

Steiner RM (1993)
Steiner RM, Mitchell DG, Rao VM, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of diffuse bone marrow disease. Radiologic clinics of North America. 1993;31(2):383-409.

Vanel D (1998)
Vanel D, Bittoun J, Tardivon A. MRI of bone metastases. European radiology. 1998;8(8):1345-51.

Iizuka Y (2009)
Iizuka Y, Iizuka H, Tsutsumi S, et al. Diagnosis of a previously unidentified primary site in patients with spinal metastasis: diagnostic usefulness of laboratory analysis, CT scanning and CT-guided biopsy. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. 2009;18(10):1431-5.

Al-Maksoud Yousef AAE-M, N. M. (2014)
Pre-Emptive Value of methylprednisolone intravenous infusion in patients with vertebral metastasis. A double-blind randomized study. Journal of pain and symptom management. 2014;48(5):762-9

Chiang A (2013)
Chiang A, Zeng L, Zhang L, et al. Pain flare is a common adverse event in steroid-naive patients after spine stereotactic body radiation therapy: a prospective clinical trial. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2013;86(4):638-42.

Chow E (2002)
Chow E, Wu JS, Hoskin P, et al. International consensus on palliative radiotherapy endpoints for future clinical trials in bone metastases. Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. 2002;64(3):275-80. [link]

Chow E (2005)
Chow E, Ling A, Davis L, et al. Pain flare following external beam radiotherapy and meaningful change in pain scores in the treatment of bone metastases. Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. 2005;75(1):64-9.

Chow E (2007)
Chow E, Loblaw A, Harris K, et al. Dexamethasone for the prophylaxis of radiation-induced pain flare after palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases: a pilot study. Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer. 2007;15(6):643-7.

Greenberg HS (1980)
Greenberg HS, Kim JH, Posner JB. Epidural spinal cord compression from metastatic tumor: results with a new treatment protocol. Annals of neurology. 1980;8(4):361-6.

Heimdal K (1992)
Heimdal K, Hirschberg H, Slettebo H, et al. High incidence of serious side effects of high-dose dexamethasone treatment in patients with epidural spinal cord compression. Journal of neuro-oncology. 1992;12(2):141-4.

Hird A (2009)
Hird A, Chow E, Zhang L, et al. Determining the incidence of pain flare following palliative radiotherapy for symptomatic bone metastases: results from three canadian cancer centers. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2009;75(1):193-7.

Hird A (2009)
Hird A, Zhang L, Holt T, et al. Dexamethasone for the prophylaxis of radiation-induced pain flare after palliative radiotherapy for symptomatic bone metastases: a phase II study. Clinical oncology. 2009;21(4):329-35. [link]

Leppert W (2012)
Leppert W, Buss T. The role of corticosteroids in the treatment of pain in cancer patients. Current pain and headache reports. 2012;16(4):307-13.

Loblaw DA (2007)
Loblaw DA, Wu JS, Kirkbride P, et al. Pain flare in patients with bone metastases after palliative radiotherapy--a nested randomized control trial. Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer. 2007;15(4):451-5.

Maranzano E (1996)
Maranzano E, Latini P, Beneventi S, et al. Radiotherapy without steroids in selected metastatic spinal cord compression patients. A phase II trial. American journal of clinical oncology. 1996;19(2):179-83.

Sorensen S (1994)
Sorensen S, Helweg-Larsen S, Mouridsen H, et al. Effect of high-dose dexamethasone in carcinomatous metastatic spinal cord compression treated with radiotherapy: a randomised trial. European journal of cancer. 1994;30A(1):22-7.

Vecht CJ (1989)
Vecht CJ, Haaxma-Reiche H, van Putten WL, et al. Initial bolus of conventional versus high-dose dexamethasone in metastatic spinal cord compression. Neurology. 1989;39(9):1255-7.

Amdur RJ (2009)
Amdur RJ, Bennett J, Olivier K, et al. A prospective, phase II study demonstrating the potential value and limitation of radiosurgery for spine metastases. American journal of clinical oncology. 2009;32(5):515-20.

Chaichana KL (2008)
Chaichana KL, Woodworth GF, Sciubba DM, et al. Predictors of ambulatory function after decompressive surgery for metastatic epidural spinal cord compression. Neurosurgery. 2008;62(3):683-92; discussion -92.

Chen YJ (2007)
Chen YJ, Chang GC, Chen HT, et al. Surgical results of metastatic spinal cord compression secondary to non-small cell lung cancer. Spine. 2007;32(15):E413-8.

Chi JH (2009)
Chi JH, Gokaslan Z, McCormick P, et al. Selecting treatment for patients with malignant epidural spinal cord compression-does age matter?: results from a randomized clinical trial. Spine. 2009;34(5):431-5.

Cho DC (2009)
Cho DC, Sung JK. Palliative surgery for metastatic thoracic and lumbar tumors using posterolateral transpedicular approach with posterior instrumentation. Surgical neurology. 2009;71(4):424-33.

Falavigna A (2007)
Falavigna A, Righesso Neto O, Ioppi AE, et al. [Metastatic tumor of thoracic and lumbar spine: prospective study comparing the surgery and radiotherapy vs external immobilization with radiotherapy]. Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria. 2007;65(3B):889-95.

Freundt K (2010)
Freundt K, Meyners T, Bajrovic A, et al. Radiotherapy for oligometastatic disease in patients with spinal cord compression (MSCC) from relatively radioresistant tumors. Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft [et al]. 2010;186(4):218-23.

Furlan JC (2012)
Furlan JC, Chan KK, Sandoval GA, et al. The combined use of surgery and radiotherapy to treat patients with epidural cord compression due to metastatic disease: a cost-utility analysis. Neuro-oncology. 2012;14(5):631-40.

George R (2008)
George R, Jeba J, Ramkumar G, et al. Interventions for the treatment of metastatic extradural spinal cord compression in adults. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2008(4):CD006716.

Holman PJ (2005)
Holman PJ, Suki D, McCutcheon I, et al. Surgical management of metastatic disease of the lumbar spine: experience with 139 patients. Journal of neurosurgery Spine. 2005;2(5):550-63.

Kim JM (2012)
Kim JM, Losina E, Bono CM, et al. Clinical outcome of metastatic spinal cord compression treated with surgical excision +/- radiation versus radiation therapy alone: a systematic review of literature. Spine. 2012;37(1):78-84.

Klimo P (2005)
Klimo P, Jr., Thompson CJ, Kestle JR, et al. A meta-analysis of surgery versus conventional radiotherapy for the treatment of metastatic spinal epidural disease. Neuro-oncology. 2005;7(1):64-76.

Koswig S (1999)
Koswig S, Budach V. [Remineralization and pain relief in bone metastases after after different radiotherapy fractions (10 times 3 Gy vs. 1 time 8 Gy). A prospective study]. Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft [et al]. 1999;175(10):500-8.

Lee BH (2013)
Lee BH, Kim TH, Chong HS, et al. Prognostic factor analysis in patients with metastatic spine disease depending on surgery and conservative treatment: review of 577 cases. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013;20:40-6

Lee CH (2014)
Lee CH, Kwon JW, Lee J, et al. Direct decompressive surgery followed by radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for metastatic epidural spinal cord compression: a meta-analysis. Spine. 2014;39(9):E587-92. [link]

Loblaw DA (2011)
Loblaw DA, Mitera G, Ford M, et al. A 2011 updated systematic review and clinical practice guideline for the management of malignant extradural spinal cord compression. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2012;84(2):312-7.

Pagani O (2010)
Pagani O, Senkus E, Wood W, et al. International guidelines for management of metastatic breast cancer: can metastatic breast cancer be cured? Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2010;102(7):456-63.

Patchell RA (2005)
Patchell RA, Tibbs PA, Regine WF, et al. Direct decompressive surgical resection in the treatment of spinal cord compression caused by metastatic cancer: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2005;366(9486):643-8.

Quraishi NA (2012)
Quraishi NA, Giannoulis KE, Edwards KL, et al. Management of metastatic sacral tumours. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. 2012;21(10):1984-93.

Rades D (2010)
Rades D, Huttenlocher S, Dunst J, et al. Matched pair analysis comparing surgery followed by radiotherapy and radiotherapy alone for metastatic spinal cord compression. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2010;28(22):3597-604.

Rades D (2011)
Rades D, Huttenlocher S, Bajrovic A, et al. Surgery followed by radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for metastatic spinal cord compression from unfavorable tumors. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2011;81(5):e861-8. [l

Rades D (2012)
Rades D, Huttenlocher S, Evers JN, et al. Do elderly patients benefit from surgery in addition to radiotherapy for treatment of metastatic spinal cord compression? Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft [et al]. 2012;188(5):424-30.

Tancioni F (2010)
Tancioni F, Navarria P, Lorenzetti MA, et al. Multimodal approach to the management of metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) due to solid tumors. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2010;78(5):1467-73.

Tancioni F (2012)
Tancioni F, Navarria P, Pessina F, et al. Assessment of prognostic factors in patients with metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) from solid tumor after surgery plus radiotherapy: a single institution experience. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. 2012;21 Suppl 1:S146-8.

Thomas KC (2006)
Thomas KC, Nosyk B, Fisher CG, et al. Cost-effectiveness of surgery plus radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for metastatic epidural spinal cord compression. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2006;66(4):1212-8.

Ulmar B (2007)
Ulmar B, Huch K, Kocak T, et al. [The prognostic influence of primary tumour and region of the affected spinal segment in 217 surgical patients with spinal metastases of different entities]. Zeitschrift fur Orthopadie und ihre Grenzgebiete. 2007;145(1):31-8.

van der Linden YM (2005)
van der Linden YM, Dijkstra SP, Vonk EJ, et al. Prediction of survival in patients with metastases in the spinal column: results based on a randomized trial of radiotherapy. Cancer. 2005;103(2):320-8.

Villavicencio AT (2005)
Villavicencio AT, Oskouian RJ, Roberson C, et al. Thoracolumbar vertebral reconstruction after surgery for metastatic spinal tumors: long-term outcomes. Neurosurgical focus. 2005;19(3):E8.

Wang XS (2012)
Wang XS, Rhines LD, Shiu AS, et al. Stereotactic body radiation therapy for management of spinal metastases in patients without spinal cord compression: a phase 1-2 trial. The Lancet Oncology. 2012;13(4):395-402.

Zaikova O (2011)
Zaikova O, Fossa SD, Bruland OS, et al. Radiotherapy or surgery for spine metastases? Acta orthopaedica. 2011;82(3):365-71.

Arrigo RT (2011)
Arrigo RT, Kalanithi P, Cheng I, et al. Predictors of survival after surgical treatment of spinal metastasis. Neurosurgery. 2011;68(3):674-81; discussion 81.

Balain B (2013)
Balain B, Jaiswal A, Trivedi JM, et al. The Oswestry Risk Index: an aid in the treatment of metastatic disease of the spine. The bone & joint journal. 2013;95-B(2):210-6.

Bartels RH (2007)
Bartels RH, Feuth T, van der Maazen R, et al. Development of a model with which to predict the life expectancy of patients with spinal epidural metastasis. Cancer. 2007;110(9):2042-9.

Bartels RH (2011)
Bartels RH, Feuth T, Rades D, et al. External validation of a model to predict the survival of patients presenting with a spinal epidural metastasis. Cancer metastasis reviews. 2011;30(2):153-9.

Bollen L (2014)
Bollen L, van der Linden YM, Pondaag W, et al. Prognostic factors associated with survival in patients with symptomatic spinal bone metastases: a retrospective cohort study of 1,043 patients. Neuro-oncology. 2014;16(7):991-8.

Chow E (2001)
Chow E, Harth T, Hruby G, et al. How accurate are physicians' clinical predictions of survival and the available prognostic tools in estimating survival times in terminally ill cancer patients? A systematic review. Clinical oncology. 2001;13(3):209-18.

Chow E (2006)
Chow E, Harris K, Fung K. Successful validation of a survival prediction model in patients with metastases in the spinal column. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2006;65(5):1522-7.

Gakhar H (2013)
Gakhar H, Swamy GN, Bommireddy R, et al. A study investigating the validity of modified Tokuhashi score to decide surgical intervention in patients with metastatic spinal cancer. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. 2013;22(3):565-8.

Glare P (2003)
Glare P, Virik K, Jones M, et al. A systematic review of physicians' survival predictions in terminally ill cancer patients. Bmj. 2003;327(7408):195-8.

Hernandez-Fernandez A (2012)
Hernandez-Fernandez A, Velez R, Lersundi-Artamendi A, et al. External validity of the Tokuhashi score in patients with vertebral metastasis. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology. 2012;138(9):1493-500.

Kataoka M (2012)
Kataoka M, Kunisada T, Tanaka M, et al. Statistical analysis of prognostic factors for survival in patients with spinal metastasis. Acta medica Okayama. 2012;66(3):213-9.

Mizumoto M (2008)
Mizumoto M, Harada H, Asakura H, et al. Prognostic factors and a scoring system for survival after radiotherapy for metastases to the spinal column: a review of 544 patients at Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital. Cancer. 2008;113(10):2816-22.

Pointillart V (2011)
Pointillart V, Vital JM, Salmi R, et al. Survival prognostic factors and clinical outcomes in patients with spinal metastases. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology. 2011;137(5):849-56.

Rades D (2013)
Rades D, Hueppe M, Schild SE. A score to identify patients with metastatic spinal cord compression who may be candidates for best supportive care. Cancer. 2013;119(4):897-903.

Tabouret E (2013)
Tabouret E, Cauvin C, Fuentes S, et al. Reassessment of scoring systems and prognostic factors for metastatic spinal cord compression. The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society. 2013.

Tokuhashi Y (2005)
Tokuhashi Y, Matsuzaki H, Oda H, et al. A revised scoring system for preoperative evaluation of metastatic spine tumor prognosis. Spine. 2005;30(19):2186-91.

van der Linden YM (2005)
van der Linden YM, Dijkstra SP, Vonk EJ, et al. Prediction of survival in patients with metastases in the spinal column: results based on a randomized trial of radiotherapy. Cancer. 2005;103(2):320-8.

Wang M (2012)
Wang M, Bunger CE, Li H, et al. Predictive value of Tokuhashi scoring systems in spinal metastases, focusing on various primary tumor groups: evaluation of 448 patients in the Aarhus spinal metastases database. Spine. 2012;37(7):573-82.

Wibmer C (2011)
Wibmer C, Leithner A, Hofmann G, et al. Survival analysis of 254 patients after manifestation of spinal metastases: evaluation of seven preoperative scoring systems. Spine. 2011;36(23):1977-86.

Yamashita T (2011)
Yamashita T, Siemionow KB, Mroz TE, et al. A prospective analysis of prognostic factors in patients with spinal metastases: use of the revised Tokuhashi score. Spine. 2011;36(11):910-7.

Bollen L (2014)
Bollen L, van der Linden YM, Pondaag W, et al. Prognostic factors associated with survival in patients with symptomatic spinal bone metastases: a retrospective cohort study of 1,043 patients. Neuro-oncology. 2014;16(7):991-8.

Denis F (1984)
Denis F. Spinal instability as defined by the three-column spine concept in acute spinal trauma. Clinical orthopaedics and related research. 1984(189):65-76.

Fisher CG (2014)
Fisher CG, Schouten R, Versteeg AL, et al. Reliability of the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) among radiation oncologists: an assessment of instability secondary to spinal metastases. Radiation oncology. 2014;9:69.

Fourney DR (2003)
Fourney DR, Gokaslan ZL. Spinal instability and deformity due to neoplastic conditions. Neurosurgical focus. 2003;14(1):e8.

Fourney DR (2011)
Fourney DR, Frangou EM, Ryken TC, et al. Spinal instability neoplastic score: an analysis of reliability and validity from the spine oncology study group. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2011;29(22):3072-7.

Harrington KD (1984)
Harrington KD. Anterior cord decompression and spinal stabilization for patients with metastatic lesions of the spine. Journal of neurosurgery. 1984;61(1):107-17.

Nemelc RM (2014)
Nemelc RM, Stadhouder A, van Royen BJ, et al. The outcome and survival of palliative surgery in thoraco-lumbar spinal metastases: contemporary retrospective cohort study. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. 2014;23(11):2272-8.

Patchell RA (2005)
Patchell RA, Tibbs PA, Regine WF, et al. Direct decompressive surgical resection in the treatment of spinal cord compression caused by metastatic cancer: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2005;366(9486):643-8.

Roth SE (2004)
Roth SE, Mousavi P, Finkelstein J, et al. Metastatic burst fracture risk prediction using biomechanically based equations. Clinical orthopaedics and related research. 2004(419):83-90.

Sahgal A (2013)
Sahgal A, Whyne CM, Ma L, et al. Vertebral compression fracture after stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal metastases. The Lancet Oncology. 2013;14(8):e310-20.

Tokuhashi Y (2005)
Tokuhashi Y, Matsuzaki H, Oda H, et al. A revised scoring system for preoperative evaluation of metastatic spine tumor prognosis. Spine. 2005;30(19):2186-91.

Tschirhart CE (2007)
Tschirhart CE, Finkelstein JA, Whyne CM. Biomechanics of vertebral level, geometry, and transcortical tumors in the metastatic spine. Journal of biomechanics. 2007;40(1):46-54.

van der Linden YM (2005)
van der Linden YM, Dijkstra SP, Vonk EJ, et al. Prediction of survival in patients with metastases in the spinal column: results based on a randomized trial of radiotherapy. Cancer. 2005;103(2):320-8.

van Kessel E (2013)
van Kessel E, Verlaan JJ, Slooff WB, et al. [A score for rating instability in spinal metastases and the usefulness of conservative measures for instability]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde. 2013;157(24):A5331.

Weber MH (2011)
Weber MH, Burch S, Buckley J, et al. Instability and impending instability of the thoracolumbar spine in patients with spinal metastases: a systematic review. International journal of oncology. 2011;38(1):5-12.

White AAP (1990)
White AAP, M. M. Clinical Biomechanics of the Spine. Clinical Biomechanics of the Spine. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1990. p. 30-342.

Whyne CM (2003)
Whyne CM, Hu SS, Lotz JC. Biomechanically derived guideline equations for burst fracture risk prediction in the metastatically involved spine. Journal of spinal disorders & techniques. 2003;16(2):180-5. [link]

Zadnik PL (2014)
Zadnik PL, Hwang L, Ju DG, et al. Prolonged survival following aggressive treatment for metastatic breast cancer in the spine. Clinical & experimental metastasis. 2014;31(1):47-55.

Chow E (2002)
Chow E, Wu JS, Hoskin P, et al. International consensus on palliative radiotherapy endpoints for future clinical trials in bone metastases. Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. 2002;64(3):275-80.

Chow E (2007)
Chow E, Harris K, Fan G, et al. Palliative radiotherapy trials for bone metastases: a systematic review. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2007;25(11):1423-36.

Chow E (2014)
Chow E, van der Linden YM, Roos D, et al. Single versus multiple fractions of repeat radiation for painful bone metastases: a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. The Lancet Oncology. 2014;15(2):164-71.

Haas RL (2013)
Haas RL, Betgen A, Wolfrat M, et al. Cone beam CT assisted irradiation of painful vertebral metastases without prior virtual simulation: a quick and patient friendly procedure. Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. 2013;106(3):375-7.

Huisman M (2012)
Huisman M, van den Bosch MA, Wijlemans JW, et al. Effectiveness of reirradiation for painful bone metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2012;84(1):8-14.

Kirkpatrick JP (2014)
Kirkpatrick JP, Kelsey CR, Palta M, et al. Stereotactic body radiotherapy: a critical review for nonradiation oncologists. Cancer. 2014;120(7):942-54.

Lo SS (2010)
Lo SS, Sahgal A, Wang JZ, et al. Stereotactic body radiation therapy for spinal metastases. Discovery medicine. 2010;9(47):289-96.

Maranzano E (2005)
Maranzano E, Bellavita R, Rossi R, et al. Short-course versus split-course radiotherapy in metastatic spinal cord compression: results of a phase III, randomized, multicenter trial. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2005;23(15):3358-65.

Maranzano E (2009)
Maranzano E, Trippa F, Casale M, et al. 8Gy single-dose radiotherapy is effective in metastatic spinal cord compression: results of a phase III randomized multicentre Italian trial. Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. 2009;93(2):174-9.

Meeuse JJ (2010)
Meeuse JJ, van der Linden YM, van Tienhoven G, et al. Efficacy of radiotherapy for painful bone metastases during the last 12 weeks of life: results from the Dutch Bone Metastasis Study. Cancer. 2010;116(11):2716-25.

Rades D (2004)
Rades D, Fehlauer F, Stalpers LJ, et al. A prospective evaluation of two radiotherapy schedules with 10 versus 20 fractions for the treatment of metastatic spinal cord compression: final results of a multicenter study. Cancer. 2004;101(11):2687-92.

Rades D (2005)
Rades D, Stalpers LJ, Veninga T, et al. Evaluation of five radiation schedules and prognostic factors for metastatic spinal cord compression. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2005;23(15):3366-75.

Rades D (2009)
Rades D, Lange M, Veninga T, et al. Preliminary results of spinal cord compression recurrence evaluation (score-1) study comparing short-course versus long-course radiotherapy for local control of malignant epidural spinal cord compression. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2009;73(1):228-34.

Rades D (2011)
Rades D, Freundt K, Meyners T, et al. Dose escalation for metastatic spinal cord compression in patients with relatively radioresistant tumors. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2011;80(5):1492-7.

Ryu S (2010)
Ryu S, Rock J, Jain R, et al. Radiosurgical decompression of metastatic epidural compression. Cancer. 2010;116(9):2250-7.

Ryu S (2014)
Ryu S, Pugh SL, Gerszten PC, et al. RTOG 0631 phase 2/3 study of image guided stereotactic radiosurgery for localized (1-3) spine metastases: phase 2 results. Practical radiation oncology. 2014;4(2):76-81.

Sahgal A (2008)
Sahgal A, Larson DA, Chang EL. Stereotactic body radiosurgery for spinal metastases: a critical review. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2008;71(3):652-65.

Sahgal A (2013)
Sahgal A, Whyne CM, Ma L, et al. Vertebral compression fracture after stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal metastases. The Lancet Oncology. 2013;14(8):e310-20.

Tomita T (1983)
Tomita T, Galicich JH, Sundaresan N. Radiation therapy for spinal epidural metastases with complete block. Acta radiologica Oncology. 1983;22(2):135-43.

van der Linden YM (2004)
van der Linden YM, Lok JJ, Steenland E, et al. Single fraction radiotherapy is efficacious: a further analysis of the Dutch Bone Metastasis Study controlling for the influence of retreatment. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2004;59(2):528-37.

van der Linden YM (2005)
van der Linden YM, Dijkstra SP, Vonk EJ, et al. Prediction of survival in patients with metastases in the spinal column: results based on a randomized trial of radiotherapy. Cancer. 2005;103(2):320-8.

van der Linden YM (2006)
van der Linden YM, Steenland E, van Houwelingen HC, et al. Patients with a favourable prognosis are equally palliated with single and multiple fraction radiotherapy: results on survival in the Dutch Bone Metastasis Study. Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. 2006;78(3):245-53.

Wilson D (2003)
Wilson D, Hiller L, Gray L, et al. The effect of biological effective dose on time to symptom progression in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Clinical oncology. 2003;15(7):400-7.

Aizenberg MR (2012)
Aizenberg MR, Fox BD, Suki D, et al. Surgical management of unknown primary tumors metastatic to the spine. Journal of neurosurgery Spine. 2012;16(1):86-92.

Demura S (2011)
Demura S, Kawahara N, Murakami H, et al. Total en bloc spondylectomy for spinal metastases in thyroid carcinoma. Journal of neurosurgery Spine. 2011;14(2):172-6.

Fang T (2012)
Fang T, Dong J, Zhou X, et al. Comparison of mini-open anterior corpectomy and posterior total en bloc spondylectomy for solitary metastases of the thoracolumbar spine. Journal of neurosurgery Spine. 2012;17(4):271-9.

Fourney DR (2004)
Fourney DR, Gokaslan ZL. Use of "MAPs" for determining the optimal surgical approach to metastatic disease of the thoracolumbar spine: anterior, posterior, or combined. Invited submission from the Joint Section Meeting on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves, March 2004. Journal of neurosurgery Spine. 2005;2(1):40-9.

Holman PJ (2005)
Holman PJ, Suki D, McCutcheon I, et al. Surgical management of metastatic disease of the lumbar spine: experience with 139 patients. Journal of neurosurgery Spine. 2005;2(5):550-63.

Ibrahim A (2007)
Ibrahim A, Crockard A, Antonietti P, et al. Does spinal surgery improve the quality of life for those with extradural (spinal) osseous metastases? An international multicenter prospective observational study of 223 patients. Invited submission from the Joint Section Meeting on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves, March 2007. Journal of neurosurgery Spine. 2008;8(3):271-8.

Jansson KA (2006)
Jansson KA, Bauer HC. Survival, complications and outcome in 282 patients operated for neurological deficit due to thoracic or lumbar spinal metastases. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. 2006;15(2):196-202.

Kim CH (2013)
Kim CH, Chung CK, Sohn S, et al. Less invasive palliative surgery for spinal metastases. Journal of surgical oncology. 2013;108(7):499-503.

Kwon YM (2009)
Kwon YM, Kim KS, Kuh SU, et al. Survival rate and neurological outcome after operation for advanced spinal metastasis (Tomita's classification > or = type 4). Yonsei medical journal. 2009;50(5):689-96.

Molina CA (2011)
Molina CA, Gokaslan ZL, Sciubba DM. A systematic review of the current role of minimally invasive spine surgery in the management of metastatic spine disease. International journal of surgical oncology. 2011;2011:598148.

Schwab JH (2011)
Schwab JH, Gasbarrini A, Cappuccio M, et al. Minimally Invasive Posterior Stabilization Improved Ambulation and Pain Scores in Patients with Plasmacytomas and/or Metastases of the Spine. International journal of surgical oncology. 2011;2011:239230.

Xu R (2009)
Xu R, Garces-Ambrossi GL, McGirt MJ, et al. Thoracic vertebrectomy and spinal reconstruction via anterior, posterior, or combined approaches: clinical outcomes in 91 consecutive patients with metastatic spinal tumors. Journal of neurosurgery Spine. 2009;11(3):272-84.

Zairi F (2012)
Zairi F, Arikat A, Allaoui M, et al. Minimally invasive decompression and stabilization for the management of thoracolumbar spine metastasis. Journal of neurosurgery Spine. 2012;17(1):19-23.

Abratt RP (2004)
Abratt RP, Brune D, Dimopoulos MA, et al. Randomised phase III study of intravenous vinorelbine plus hormone therapy versus hormone therapy alone in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / ESMO. 2004;15(11):1613-21.

Boccardo F (1993)
Boccardo F, Pace M, Rubagotti A, et al. Goserelin acetate with or without flutamide in the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. The Italian Prostatic Cancer Project (PONCAP) Study Group. European journal of cancer. 1993;29A(8):1088-93.

Boogerd W (1989)
Boogerd W, van der Sande JJ, Kroger R, et al. Effective systemic therapy for spinal epidural metastases from breast carcinoma. European journal of cancer & clinical oncology. 1989;25(1):149-53.

Burch PA (1988)
Burch PA, Grossman SA. Treatment of epidural cord compressions from Hodgkin's disease with chemotherapy. A report of two cases and a review of the literature. The American journal of medicine. 1988;84(3 Pt 1):555-8.

Cooper K (1990)
Cooper K, Bajorin D, Shapiro W, et al. Decompression of epidural metastases from germ cell tumors with chemotherapy. Journal of neuro-oncology. 1990;8(3):275-80.

da Silva FC (1996)
da Silva FC, Fossa SD, Aaronson NK, et al. The quality of life of patients with newly diagnosed M1 prostate cancer: experience with EORTC clinical trial 30853. European journal of cancer. 1996;32A(1):72-7.

Grommes C (2011)
Grommes C, Bosl GJ, DeAngelis LM. Treatment of epidural spinal cord involvement from germ cell tumors with chemotherapy. Cancer. 2011;117(9):1911-6.

Logothetis CJ (2012)
Logothetis CJ, Basch E, Molina A, et al. Effect of abiraterone acetate and prednisone compared with placebo and prednisone on pain control and skeletal-related events in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: exploratory analysis of data from the COU-AA-301 randomised trial. The Lancet Oncology. 2012;13(12):1210-7.

Osoba D (1999)
Osoba D, Tannock IF, Ernst DS, et al. Health-related quality of life in men with metastatic prostate cancer treated with prednisone alone or mitoxantrone and prednisone. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1999;17(6):1654-63.

Rizzo M (1990)
Rizzo M, Mazzei T, Mini E, et al. Leuprorelin acetate depot in advanced prostatic cancer: a phase II multicentre trial. The Journal of international medical research. 1990;18 Suppl 1:114-25.

Sasagawa I (1991)
Sasagawa I, Gotoh H, Miyabayashi H, et al. Hormonal treatment of symptomatic spinal cord compression in advanced prostatic cancer. International urology and nephrology. 1991;23(4):351-6.

Scher HI (2012)
Scher HI, Fizazi K, Saad F, et al. Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy. The New England journal of medicine. 2012;367(13):1187-97. [li

Stockler MR (1998)
Stockler MR, Osoba D, Goodwin P, et al. Responsiveness to change in health-related quality of life in a randomized clinical trial: a comparison of the Prostate Cancer Specific Quality of Life Instrument (PROSQOLI) with analogous scales from the EORTC QLQ-C30 and a trial specific module. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 1998;51(2):137-45.

Wong ET (1996)
Wong ET, Portlock CS, O'Brien JP, et al. Chemosensitive epidural spinal cord disease in non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Neurology. 1996;46(6):1543-7.

Anselmetti GC (2012)
Anselmetti GC, Marcia S, Saba L, et al. Percutaneous vertebroplasty: multi-centric results from EVEREST experience in large cohort of patients. European journal of radiology. 2012;81(12):4083-6.

Bartels RH (2008)
Bartels RH, van der Linden YM, van der Graaf WT. Spinal extradural metastasis: review of current treatment options. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2008;58(4):245-59.

Calmels V (2007)
Calmels V, Vallee JN, Rose M, et al. Osteoblastic and mixed spinal metastases: evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty. AJNR American journal of neuroradiology. 2007;28(3):570-4.

Cardoso ER (2009)
Cardoso ER, Ashamalla H, Weng L, et al. Percutaneous tumor curettage and interstitial delivery of samarium-153 coupled with kyphoplasty for treatment of vertebral metastases. Journal of neurosurgery Spine. 2009;10(4):336-42.

Chew C (2011)
Chew C, Craig L, Edwards R, et al. Safety and efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty in malignancy: a systematic review. Clinical radiology. 2011;66(1):63-72.

Chew C (2011)
Chew C, Ritchie M, O'Dwyer PJ, et al. A prospective study of percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with myeloma and spinal metastases. Clinical radiology. 2011;66(12):1193-6.

Corcos G (2014)
Corcos G, Dbjay J, Mastier C, et al. Cement leakage in percutaneous vertebroplasty for spinal metastases: a retrospective evaluation of incidence and risk factors. Spine. 2014;39(5):E332-8.

Dalbayrak S (2010)
Dalbayrak S, Onen MR, Yilmaz M, et al. Clinical and radiographic results of balloon kyphoplasty for treatment of vertebral body metastases and multiple myelomas. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia. 2010;17(2):219-24.

Groetz SF (2013)
Groetz SF, Birnbaum K, Meyer C, et al. Thermometry during coblation and radiofrequency ablation of vertebral metastases: a cadaver study. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. 2013;22(6):1389-93.

Huber FX (2009)
Huber FX, McArthur N, Tanner M, et al. Kyphoplasty for patients with multiple myeloma is a safe surgical procedure: results from a large patient cohort. Clinical lymphoma & myeloma. 2009;9(5):375-80.

Jha RM (2010)
Jha RM, Hirsch AE, Yoo AJ, et al. Palliation of compression fractures in cancer patients by vertebral augmentation: a retrospective analysis. Journal of neurointerventional surgery. 2010;2(3):221-8.

Lau V (2013)
Lau V, Sun M, Chu F. Embolisation of hypervascular bone tumours: a pictorial essay with literature review. Journal of medical imaging and radiation oncology. 2013;57(2):191-7.

McArthur N (2009)
McArthur N, Kasperk C, Baier M, et al. 1150 kyphoplasties over 7 years: indications, techniques, and intraoperative complications. Orthopedics. 2009;32(2):90.

Mendel E (2009)
Mendel E, Bourekas E, Gerszten P, et al. Percutaneous techniques in the treatment of spine tumors: what are the diagnostic and therapeutic indications and outcomes? Spine. 2009;34(22 Suppl):S93-100.

Murray JA (1974)
Murray JA, Bruels MC, Lindberg RD. Irradiation of polymethylmethacrylate. In vitro gamma radiation effect. The Journal of bone and joint surgery American volume. 1974;56(2):311-2. [link]

Nakatsuka A (2004)
Nakatsuka A, Yamakado K, Maeda M, et al. Radiofrequency ablation combined with bone cement injection for the treatment of bone malignancies. Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR. 2004;15(7):707-12.

Nakatsuka A (2009)
Nakatsuka A, Yamakado K, Takaki H, et al. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of painful spinal tumors adjacent to the spinal cord with real-time monitoring of spinal canal temperature: a prospective study. Cardiovascular and interventional radiology. 2009;32(1):70-5.

Potet J (2013)
Potet J, Weber-Donat G, Curis E, et al. Incidence of pulmonary cement embolism after real-time CT fluoroscopy-guided vertebroplasty. Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR. 2013;24(12):1853-60.

Schroeder JE (2011)
Schroeder JE, Ecker E, Skelly AC, et al. Cement augmentation in spinal tumors: a systematic review comparing vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. Evidence-based spine-care journal. 2011;2(4):35-43.

van der Linden E (2007)
van der Linden E, Kroft LJ, Dijkstra PD. Treatment of vertebral tumor with posterior wall defect using image-guided radiofrequency ablation combined with vertebroplasty: preliminary results in 12 patients. Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR. 2007;18(6):741-7.

Zhang J (2013)
Zhang J, Wang Y, Han K, et al. Percutaneous vertebroplasty combined with zoledronic acid for the treatment of painful osteolytic spinal metastases in patients with breast cancer. Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR. 2013;24(12):1861-7. [link]

Zheng L (2014)
Zheng L, Chen Z, Sun M, et al. A preliminary study of the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation with percutaneous kyphoplasty for thoracolumbar vertebral metastatic tumor treatment. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 2014;20:556-63.

Definition of palliative care (2002)
Organization WH. Definition of palliative care. World Health Organization. 2002.

Spreeuwenberg CV (2013)
Spreeuwenberg CV, K.; Raats, I.;et al. Zorgmodule palliatieve zorg. 2013

Temel JS (2010)
Temel JS, Greer JA, Muzikansky A, et al. Early palliative care for patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. The New England journal of medicine. 2010;363(8):733-42.

Algemene principes van palliatieve zorg (2010)
Algemene principes van palliatieve zorg [Internet]. 2010. Available from: http://www.pallialine.nl/algemene-principes-van-palliatieve-zorg

Handreiking Tijdig spreken over het levenseinde. (2012)
Handreiking Tijdig spreken over het levenseinde. Koninklijke Nederlandsche Maatschappij tot bevordering der Geneeskunst. 2012.

NHG-standpunt Oncologische zorg in de huisartsenpraktijk. (2014)
NHG-standpunt Oncologische zorg in de huisartsenpraktijk. Nederlands Huisartsen Genootschap 2014.

Spreeuwenberg CV (2013)
Spreeuwenberg CV, K.; Raats, I.;et al. Zorgmodule palliatieve zorg. 2013

Handreiking Tijdig spreken over het levenseinde. (2012)
Handreiking Tijdig spreken over het levenseinde. Koninklijke Nederlandsche Maatschappij tot bevordering der Geneeskunst. 2012.

Moroni M (2014)
Moroni M, Zocchi D, Bolognesi D, et al. The 'surprise' question in advanced cancer patients: A prospective study among general practitioners. Palliative medicine. 2014;28(7):959-64.

Moss AH (2010)
Moss AH, Lunney JR, Culp S, et al. Prognostic significance of the "surprise" question in cancer patients. Journal of palliative medicine. 2010;13(7):837-40.

Spreeuwenberg CV (2013)
Spreeuwenberg CV, K.; Raats, I.;et al. Zorgmodule palliatieve zorg. 2013

Choi D (2010)
Choi D, Crockard A, Bunger C, et al. Review of metastatic spine tumour classification and indications for surgery: the consensus statement of the Global Spine Tumour Study Group. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. 2010;19(2):215-22.

Oldenmenger WH (2013)
Oldenmenger WH, de Raaf PJ, de Klerk C, et al. Cut points on 0-10 numeric rating scales for symptoms included in the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale in cancer patients: a systematic review. Journal of pain and symptom management. 2013;45(6):1083-93.

Anderson KO (2004)
Anderson KO, Mendoza TR, Payne R, et al. Pain education for underserved minority cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2004;22(24):4918-25.

Bonica JJ (1985)
Bonica JJ. Treatment of cancer pain: current status and future needs. In: Fields HL, editor. Advances in Pain Research and Therapy. New York: Raven Press; 1985. p. 589-616.

Deandrea S (2008)
Deandrea S, Montanari M, Moja L, et al. Prevalence of undertreatment in cancer pain. A review of published literature. Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / ESMO. 2008;19(12):1985-91.

Fenstermaker RA (1999)
Fenstermaker RA. Neurosurgical Invasive Techniques for Cancer Pain: A Pain Specialist's View. Current review of pain. 1999;3(3):190-7.

Lai YH (2004)
Lai YH, Guo SL, Keefe FJ, et al. Effects of brief pain education on hospitalized cancer patients with moderate to severe pain. Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer. 2004;12(9):645-52.

Lin CC (2006)
Lin CC, Chou PL, Wu SL, et al. Long-term effectiveness of a patient and family pain education program on overcoming barriers to management of cancer pain. Pain. 2006;122(3):271-81.

Miaskowski C (2001)
Miaskowski C, Dodd MJ, West C, et al. Lack of adherence with the analgesic regimen: a significant barrier to effective cancer pain management. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2001;19(23):4275-9.

Oldenmenger WH (2011)
Oldenmenger WH, Sillevis Smitt PA, van Montfort CA, et al. A combined pain consultation and pain education program decreases average and current pain and decreases interference in daily life by pain in oncology outpatients: a randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2011;152(11):2632-9.

Potter VT (2003)
Potter VT, Wiseman CE, Dunn SM, et al. Patient barriers to optimal cancer pain control. Psycho-oncology. 2003;12(2):153-60.

Schuster JM (2001)
Schuster JM, Grady MS. Medical management and adjuvant therapies in spinal metastatic disease. Neurosurgical focus. 2001;11(6):e3.

van den Beuken-van Everdingen MH (2007)
van den Beuken-van Everdingen MH, de Rijke JM, Kessels AG, et al. High prevalence of pain in patients with cancer in a large population-based study in The Netherlands. Pain. 2007;132(3):312-20.

Yates PM (2002)
Yates PM, Edwards HE, Nash RE, et al. Barriers to effective cancer pain management: a survey of hospitalized cancer patients in Australia. Journal of pain and symptom management. 2002;23(5):393-405.

De Haes H (2009)
De Haes H; Gualthérie van Weezel L.; Sanderman, R. (red.). Psychologische patiëntenzorg in de oncologie. tweede druk ed. Assen: Van Gorcum; 2009.

Helweg-Larsen S (2000)
Helweg-Larsen S, Sorensen PS, Kreiner S. Prognostic factors in metastatic spinal cord compression: a prospective study using multivariate analysis of variables influencing survival and gait function in 153 patients. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2000;46(5):1163-9.

Husband DJ (1998)
Husband DJ. Malignant spinal cord compression: prospective study of delays in referral and treatment. Bmj. 1998;317(7150):18-21.

Kienstra GE (2000)
Kienstra GE, Terwee CB, Dekker FW, et al. Prediction of spinal epidural metastases. Archives of neurology. 2000;57(5):690-5.

Rades D (2011)
Rades D, Douglas S, Huttenlocher S, et al. Validation of a score predicting post-treatment ambulatory status after radiotherapy for metastatic spinal cord compression. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2011;79(5):1503-6.

van der Linden YM (2005)
van der Linden YM, Dijkstra SP, Vonk EJ, et al. Prediction of survival in patients with metastases in the spinal column: results based on a randomized trial of radiotherapy. Cancer. 2005;103(2):320-8.

Fitzpatrick D (2012)
Fitzpatrick D, Grabarz D, Wang L, et al. How effective is a virtual consultation process in facilitating multidisciplinary decision-making for malignant epidural spinal cord compression? International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2012;84(2):e167-72.

Hsu W (2009)
Hsu W, Kosztowski TA, Zaidi HA, et al. Multidisciplinary management of primary tumors of the vertebral column. Current treatment options in oncology. 2009;10(1-2):107-25.

Husband DJ (1998)
Husband DJ. Malignant spinal cord compression: prospective study of delays in referral and treatment. Bmj. 1998;317(7150):18-21.

Ottevanger N (2013)
Ottevanger N, Hilbink M, Weenk M, et al. Oncologic multidisciplinary team meetings: evaluation of quality criteria. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice. 2013;19(6):1035-43.

Rades D (2011)
Rades D, Douglas S, Huttenlocher S, et al. Validation of a score predicting post-treatment ambulatory status after radiotherapy for metastatic spinal cord compression. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2011;79(5):1503-6.

van Drielen E (2012)
van Drielen E, de Vries AW, Ottevanger PB, et al. [Better multidisciplinary team meetings are linked to better care]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde. 2012;156(45):A4856.

Bollen L (2014)
Bollen L, van der Linden YM, Pondaag W, et al. Prognostic factors associated with survival in patients with symptomatic spinal bone metastases: a retrospective cohort study of 1,043 patients. Neuro-oncology. 2014;16(7):991-8.

Loblaw DA (2011)
Loblaw DA, Mitera G, Ford M, et al. A 2011 updated systematic review and clinical practice guideline for the management of malignant extradural spinal cord compression. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2012;84(2):312-7.

Meeuse JJ (2010)
Meeuse JJ, van der Linden YM, van Tienhoven G, et al. Efficacy of radiotherapy for painful bone metastases during the last 12 weeks of life: results from the Dutch Bone Metastasis Study. Cancer. 2010;116(11):2716-25.

Rades D (2006)
Rades D, Veninga T, Stalpers LJ, et al. Prognostic factors predicting functional outcomes, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival after radiotherapy for metastatic spinal cord compression in breast cancer patients. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2006;64(1):182-8.

Rades D (2008)
Rades D, Rudat V, Veninga T, et al. Prognostic factors for functional outcome and survival after reirradiation for in-field recurrences of metastatic spinal cord compression. Cancer. 2008;113(5):1090-6.

van der Linden YM (2005)
van der Linden YM, Dijkstra SP, Vonk EJ, et al. Prediction of survival in patients with metastases in the spinal column: results based on a randomized trial of radiotherapy. Cancer. 2005;103(2):320-8.

van der Sande JJ (1999)
van der Sande JJ, Boogerd W, Kroger R, et al. Recurrent spinal epidural metastases: a prospective study with a complete follow up. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry. 1999;66(5):623-7.